Eileen Gray was a revolutionary figure in the fields of modern design and architecture. Her body of work and personal style expressed an undisputed individuality. Born to a family of Irish nobility in 1878, she became one of the first women admitted to the Slade School of Art in London where she studied painting before beginning an apprenticeship in a lacquer workshop. She moved to Paris in 1902, where she continued her studies designing lacquered screens and decorative panels, later gaining recognition for work presented at the Salon des Artistes Décorateurs in 1913. After briefly fleeing Paris during World War I, Gray was commissioned to decorate Madame Mathieu-Lévy’s apartment. The opportunity allowed her to create a complete interior environment from wall paneling to furniture and décor. In 1922 she opened the renowned Galérie Jean Désert on the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré and exhibited her opulent chrome, steel tube, and glass furniture collection shortly after.
By the mid-1920s, Gray began working closely with Le Corbusier and J.J.P. Oud as she moved her eye towards architectural design. Her first villa, the E-1027 house (1926—1929), and the Tempe à Pailla (1932—1934) in Alpes-Maritimes, France both became seminal examples of modern architecture. These masterworks housed some of her most iconic design pieces including the Bibendum chair, the Non-Conformist chair, and the adjustable glass topped side table made specifically for E-1027 that allowed one to eat in bed without worry of crumbs. In 1937 Gray’s detailed project designs for a multi-story hotel, a restaurant, and theatre among other structures were exhibited the Centre de Vacances in Le Corbusier’s Pavilion des Temps Nouveaux at the Paris International Exhibition.
The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce in London appointed Gray a Royal Designer for Industry in 1972. Her pioneering career has been honored by major retrospectives at the Centre Pompidou Paris and the National Museum of Ireland and her work is included in significant collections around the world including the Museum of Modern Art, New York, the Victoria and Albert Museum London, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and the Irish Museum of Modern Art. Eileen Gray died in Paris in 1976.
