After departing from Apple in 1986, Steve Jobs set to work creating the revolutionary computer and software company, NeXT, and he needed an equally iconic trademark. Familiar with Paul Rand’s oeuvre, he approached IBM for permission to work with the designer. While proposing the NeXT logo, Rand simply handed Jobs a presentation booklet full of designs. Jobs later recalled, “The book itself was a surprise. I was convinced that each typographic example on the first few pages was the final logo. I was not quite sure what Paul was doing until I reached the end. And at that moment I knew we had a solution.... Rand gave us a jewel, which in retrospect seems so obvious.”
Paul Rand in Apple's Think Different Campaign, 1998. Photographer: Peter Arnell
Rand’s trademark design for NeXT became one of the designer’s most recognizable works and in 1998 Jobs placed Rand in the Apple Think Different campaign alongside pioneers of other mediums, including Pablo Picasso, Bob Dylan, Martha Graham and Miles Davis.
Personal preferences, prejudices, and stereotypes often dictate what a logo looks like, but it is needs, not wants, ideas, not type styles which determine what its form should be.
Paul Rand
Developing the NeXT Logo
Rand created numerous variations of the NeXT logo before settling on the final design. He felt that including the variations not only satisfied one's curiosity but also made visible the intrinsic meaning behind each design.
Paul Rand was born Peretz Rosenbaum in Brooklyn in 1914 to Orthodox Jewish immigrants. His father owned a small grocery store, for which Rand often painted signage and advertisements. As a young man, Rand studied at Parsons School of Design and Pratt Institute but never finished a degree. He found the courses unstimulating, as many of the era’s arts programs were stuck in very classical methodologies. Independently, Rand studied early 20th century European modernism, which influenced much of his early designs. He drew influence from the Bauhaus, Constructivist, Cubist and de Stijl movements, as well as the art of Paul Klee, Alexander Calder and Joan Miró.
Rand’s career led to monumental shifts in the field of American commercial design. When he began working in media promotion and magazine design in the early 1930s, there was a small group of American and European expat designers who were beginning to combine the experimental formal vocabularies of European design with the demands of American commerce. Rand employed photography, montage, collage and “new typography” — all methods popular among European modernists. These practices often produced clever, minimalist designs, which stood out from the advertising of the era, which, in an emerging industrialized culture still hobbling out of the Great Depression, was more concerned with promoting prosperity and the status quo.
Rand’s demand for high quality and intellectual rigor were made apparent early on, designing for Esquire-Coronet, Apparel Arts and most notably, Direction magazine from 1937-1941, where he often worked for little to no money in exchange for creative freedom. When he was just 23, he was given the position of art director at Esquire. During this time, he also developed the unique presentation style that he became known for: pitches were often accompanied by hefty binders of drafts, references and research, effectively exposing the design process as a methodical, searching, spiritual distillation to bring about a pure marriage of idea and image.
In 1942, Rand began designing advertising and packaging for companies such as El Producto Cigars and Ohrbach’s department stores, as well as book covers and exhibition posters. The same year, he began teaching at Cooper Union, with an appointment at Pratt following in 1946 and a position in the Yale design department from 1956 to 1992. In 1947 he published his famous Thoughts on Design, one of many books he’d write that featured his clear, concise philosophies. Insistent on a holistic vision of his life and work, Rand and his wife Ann, an architect, built their now-famous Weston, Connecticut home and studio in 1951. The home was lauded for its intimacy and singularity, for being an “enduring, essential house” and was recognized as one of the ten best American homes by Esquire in 1953.
By the 1950s, many American brands were expanding internationally, bringing about the need for corporate identity programs. In 1956, Rand was hired by IBM to help shape the company’s global brand and design their logo; he would work for IBM for three decades. Some of his most famous designs from this era are the Eye-Bee-M rebus, campaigns for Westinghouse and Cummins, and creating the ABC, UPS and NeXT logos. László Moholy-Nagy, an idol of Rand’s, saw him as the rare form of “an idealist and a realist using the language of the poet and the businessman.” Massimo Vignelli, a fellow modernist icon, noted that Rand “moved corporations to new levels of intellectual elegance.”
In 1972, Rand was inducted into the New York Art Directors Club Hall of Fame and received the Royal Designer for Industry award from the Royal Society of London in 1953. Paul Rand passed away in 1996 in his Weston, Connecticut home. He was working on publishing his seventh book, From Lascaux to Brooklyn, and had just completed his final logo design for the B2B online printing company Servador. His work has been the subject of retrospectives at the Museum of the City of New York (Everything is Design: The Work of Paul Rand in 2015) and The University of Michigan Museum of Art (2017) and his work is held in the collections of Museum of Modern Art, New York, the Smithsonian and many other institutions.
